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WISES.
Last seen on: LA Times Crossword, Tue, Jan 10, 2023
Random information on the term “WISES”:
An aerodynamically alleviated marine vehicle (AAMV) is a high speed marine vehicle configuration that uses aerodynamically generated forces (lift) to ‘alleviate’ its weight. The advantage is that the hydrodynamic lift required to sustain the weight of the vehicle is diminished, leading to a diminished hydrodynamic drag. The vehicle is in constant contact with the water, therefore the aerodynamic surfaces operate in ground effect. The name derives from the ‘‘Aerodynamic Alleviation Concept’’, presented by L.J. Doctors to illustrate the positive effect of using a wing-like superstructure on a catamaran configuration.
In 1976, Shipps, among other air-supported waterborne vehicles, analyzed a new kind of race boats, known as ‘tunnel hull’ race boats. Two planing sponsons act as aerodynamic end plates of the central ‘channel flow’ or ram wing. These race boats immediately demonstrated to have better performances with respect to the conventional monohull race boats and a new race boat class was created. The advantages of this new configuration come from the aerodynamic lift. The additional aerodynamic lift can be equal to the 30-80% of the total weight of the marine vehicle. This means a lower hydrodynamic lift needed, therefore a lower chine and keel wetted length and a decreased hydrodynamic drag. Furthermore, the flow in the tunnel hull acts as an air cushion, damping the heave and pitch oscillation: the oscillations of the craft are smoother. Otherwise this aerodynamic lift can create safety and stability problem. Sometimes the craft, for example after a wave, can lose contact with the water. Generally the aerodynamic center is located upward with respect to the center of gravity, therefore when the vehicle jumps off the water the pitch moment is unbalanced and the vehicle performs a pitch-over. More generally, Shipps believed in the possible development of air-supported waterborne vehicle, capable of better performances, and suitable for littoral scenarios as well as for offshore scenarios.