Office document that’s sent over phone lines

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Possible Answers:

Fax.

Last seen on: Daily Celebrity Crossword – 2/11/19 Movie Monday

Random information on the term “Fax”:

Modified Huffman coding is used in fax machines to encode black on white images (bitmaps). It combines the variable length codes of Huffman coding with the coding of repetitive data in run-length encoding.

The basic Huffman coding provides a way to compress files that have a lot of repeating data, like a file containing text where the alphabet letters are the repeating objects. However a single scan line contains only two elements a white and a black pixel which can be represented directly as a 0 and 1. This is too small a list of items to directly apply the Huffman coding. But if we first use run-length encoding we have can more objects to encode. Here is an example taken from the article on run-length encoding:

A hypothetical scan line, with B representing a black pixel and W representing white, might read as follows:

With a run-length encoding (RLE) data compression algorithm applied to the above hypothetical scan line, it can be rendered as follows:

Here we see that we have, in addition to the two items White and Black, several different numbers. These numbers provide plenty of additional items to use; so the Huffman coding can be directly applied to the sequence above to reduce the size even more.

Fax on Wikipedia